Ontario Highway 21

Highway 21
Bluewater Highway
Route information
Maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario
Length: 226.8 km[2] (140.9 mi)
Existed: May 23, 1927[1] – present
Major junctions
South end:  Highway 402 near Wyoming
   Highway 8 in Goderich
Highway 9 in Kincardine
North end:  Highway 6 / Highway 10 / Highway 26 in Owen Sound
Location
Major cities: Grand Bend, Goderich, Kincardine, Southampton, Port Elgin, Owen Sound
Highway system

Ontario provincial highways
400-series • Former

Highway 20 Highway 23

King's Highway 21, commonly referred to as Highway 21, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that begins at Highway 402 mid-way between Sarnia and London and ends at Highway 6, Highway 10 and Highway 26 in Owen Sound. The roadway is referred to as the Bluewater Highway because it remains very close to the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron.

Highway 21 is often subject to winter closures due to lake effect caused snowsquall, which can create sudden whiteout conditions along the Lake Huron shoreline. Several Emergency Detour Routes have been established further inland to guide drivers around such closures. Care should be taken during the winter months, as these storms can progress rapidly and unexpectedly.

Contents

Route description

Highway 21 is a long lakeside route through southwestern Ontario which serves numerous communities along the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron. Once over 100 kilometres (62 mi) longer than it is today, the highway now begins at Highway 402 near the community of Warwick, where it progresses north through the towns of Forest, Grand Bend, Goderich, Point Clark, Kincardine, Tiverton, Port Elgin, and Southampton. At Southampton, the highway veers away from the Lake Huron shoreline and travels east to Owen Sound.[3]

The route is generally smoothly-flowing, but can be somewhat congested near main towns in the summer from tourists and cottagers. During the winter months this trend is reversed. Highway 21 is often subject to closures at various points as it lies on the lee shore of Lake Huron. Lake effect snow squalls frequently subject motorists to poor visibility and slippery conditions, leading to the closure of the highway. Highway 23 provides an alternative inland route.

History

Highway 21 was the first King's Highway in Lambton County when it was assumed in 1927 between Highway 3 at Morpeth and Highway 7 at Reece's Corners.[4] This original section of highway changed from a mudhole to a plank road circa 1860. When James Miller Williams, a Hamilton businessman set out one day from during a drought to dig a well, he chose a spot downhill from an existing oil seep in the village of Black Creek. Instead of encountering water, Williams hit a shallow oil deposit. As a result of the ensuing oil-boom, which would begin the petroleum industry in North America, Williams laid out the village and changed its name to Oil Springs. Two competing plank road companies were formed, the Black Creek Plank Road Company (of which Williams was a principal investor) and the Sarnia to Florence Plank Road Company, both of which aimed their roads through Oil Springs. Although both roads were constructed, the former company was more prosperous in its endeavours; in 1886, a significant portion of the Sarnia to Florence Plank Road was closed up and turned over to local property owners. The Black Creek Plank Road Company meanwhile had transformed the muddy quagmire of a path into a well-maintained road. By 1863, three miles of road south of Wyoming had been paved, and the remainder south to Oil Springs planked (the Sarnia Road followed two years later). However, as the oil boom faded, so too did improvement to the road. The Black Creek Plank Road [5]

On May 23, 1927, the Department of Highways assumed the unpaved road between Highway 7 at Reece's Corner and Highway 3 at Morpeth, via Dresden, Thamesville and Ridgetown as Provincial Highway 21;[1] this was changed to the current King's Highway 21 in 1930.[6] That year, the department set out to improve the new highway. Concrete slabs were laid between Petrolia and Highway 7, as well as along a 7.25-kilometre (4.50 mi) section between Thamesville and Dresden. The following year, the route was paved between Dresden and Edys Mills before the effects of the Great Depression forced the department to concentrate on paving Highway 22.[7] The election of a new government in mid-1934 led to the resumption of work in June as a depression relief project. New equipment (namely a Caterpillar Excavator), as well as the expertise of Andy Newman, an engineer who was hired when he demonstrated his abilities with the machinery upon passing a construction site on his drive home. Newman, who helped design the machine that nobody else could operate, allowed work to proceed at a much faster rate than before. The machinery could dig quicker than 50 men, and this effort showed when the gap between Petrolia and Edys Mills and the remaining gaps between Dresden and Thamesville were graded and paved by the end of the summer.[8] On October 19, 1934, Highway 21 was officially opened by Robert Mellville Smith, deputy minister of the Department of Highways.[9]

On April 4, 1934, Highway 21 was assumed through Huron County as far north as Goderich. This was followed by the assumption of a section through Bosanquet Township on April 18, creating a 40.6 kilometres (25.2 mi) concurrency with Highway 7 from Reece's Corners to Thedford. From there, the route travelled through Thedford to Port Franks, where it merged into the present highway.[10] A final 137.4-kilometre (85.4 mi) extension to Owen Sound was assumed on May 15, 1935,[11] bringing the highway to its greatest length of 333.1 kilometres (207.0 mi).[12]

Meanwhile, on April 11, 1934, the department assumed control of a road connecting Highway 7 with Forest as Highway 21A.[10] It was later extended to connect with Highway 21 at Port Franks on August 19, 1936.[13] By 1938, Highway 21A had been renumbered as Highway 21, and Highway 21 through Thedford renumbered as Highway 82.[14]

During the late 1950s, a small bypass of Highway 21 was constructed north of Goderich, avoiding a nearby hairpin turn.[15]

During the early 1980s, the construction of Highway 402 east from Sarnia resulted in a shift in the route of the highway. The route was extended north from Reece's Corners to Exit 25, while the section from Highway 7 north to Exit 34 was "downloaded", or transferred to the local municipality in which it resided.[16] Further transfers were performed in 1997 and 1998. On April 1, 1997, the section of Highway 21 from Highway 401 south to Morpeth was transferred to Kent County.[17] On January 1, 1998, the section between Highway 401 and Highway 402 was transferred to Kent and Lambton counties.[18]

Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 21. In addition, it includes some minor junctions that are noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.

Division Location km[2] Destinations Notes
Chatham–Kent Morpeth −100.0  Highway 3 – Leamington, St. Thomas, Blenheim This section of Highway 21 was downloaded in 1997/1998
Lambton County −9.3  Highway 402 – Sarnia Beginning of former Highway 402 concurrency; Exit 25
0.0  Highway 402 – London End of former Highway 402 concurrency; Exit 34
Forest 10.4 Hickory Creek Bridge Beginning of Forest Connecting Link agreement
14.0 Northern town limits of Forest; end of Connecting Link agreement
Lambton Shores 20.8 County Road 7 (Lakeshore Road)
30.8 County Road 79 south (Northville Road) – Thedford Formerly Highway 79
Huron County Grand Bend 43.8 Southern town limits of Grand Bend; beginning of Connecting Link agreement
46.4 Northern town limits of Grand Bend; end of Connecting Link agreement
Brewster 49.0 County Road 83 (Dashwood Road) – Exeter Formerly Highway 83
St. Joseph 58.3 County Road 84 (Zurich–Hensall Road) – Zurich Formerly Highway 84
Bayfield 74.3 County Road 3 (Mill Road) – Seaforth
Goderich 92.0 Huckins Street Northern town limits of Goderich; beginning of Goderich Connecting Link agreement
93.7  Highway 8 (Huron Road) – Clinton
94.8 Gloucester Terrace Northern town limits of Goderich; end of Goderich Connecting Link agreement
Dunlop 98.4 County Road 25 (Blyth Road) – Blyth
Kintail 118.0 County Road 20 (Belgrave Road) – Belgrave
Amberley 128.3 County Road 86 – Waterloo, Wingham Formerly Highway 86
Bruce County Kincardine 145.1 Highway 9 (Broadway Street) – Walkerton
157.1 County Road 15 west – Inverhuron
162.1 County Road 15 east
Port Elgin 179.9 Southern town limits of Port Elgin; beginning of Connecting Link agreement
184.1 Northern town limits of Port Elgin; end of Connecting Link agreement
Saugeen Shores 186.2 County Road 3 – Burgoyne
Southampton 186.8 South Street Southern town limits of Southampton; beginning of Connecting Link agreement
192.1 Craig Street Northern town limits of Southampton; end of Connecting Link agreement
Arran–Elderslie 207.3 County Road 10 south – Tara
210.3 County Road 10 north – Hepworth
Grey County Georgian Bluffs
Springmount 221.4  Highway 6 north – Wiarton
Road 18 south
Pottawattamina River Bridge; formerly Highway 70; beginning of the sole wrong-way concurrency in Ontario
Owen Sound 226.8  Highway 6 / Highway 10 / Highway 26 south/east – Chatsworth, Collingwood End of wrong-way concurrency
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

References

Footnotes
  1. ^ a b Whipp 1983, p. 31.
  2. ^ a b Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (2007). "Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts". http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/TrafficVolumes.nsf/tvweb?OpenForm&Seq=5. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 
  3. ^ Peter Heiler Ltd (2010). Ontario Back Road Atlas (Map). pp. 13, 20, 26, 38–39, section Z10–T19. ISBN 978-1-55198-226-7. 
  4. ^ Whipp 1983, p. 1.
  5. ^ Whipp 1983, pp. 9–13.
  6. ^ A.A. Smith (March 31, 1932). Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. p. 15. 
  7. ^ Whipp 1983, p. 32.
  8. ^ Whipp 1983, pp. 33–35.
  9. ^ Whipp 1983, p. 35.
  10. ^ a b Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1935. p. 119. 
  11. ^ Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1936. p. 49. 
  12. ^ Ontario Department of Highways (1938–39). Ontario Road Map (Map). Section Mileage Tables. 
  13. ^ Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1937. p. 51. 
  14. ^ Ontario Department of Highways (1938–39). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by C.P. Robins. Section F9–G10. 
  15. ^ Google, Inc. Google Maps – Original Highway 21 Alignment North of Goderich (Map). Cartography by Google, Inc. http://maps.google.ca/maps/ms?hl=en&gl=ca&ptab=2&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=208581402840080038982.0004a9726f3048300dde6. Retrieved August 1, 2011. 
  16. ^ Ministry of Transportation and Communications (1982–83). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by C.P. Robins. Section G–H19, L18. 
  17. ^ Highway Transfers List (Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. April 1, 1997. p. 5. 
  18. ^ Highway Transfers List - “Who Does What” (Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. June 20, 2001. pp. 7–8. 
Bibliography